LACMA Pacific Standard Time exhibits (Kienholz, Nordman, and Asco) Assignment

LACMA Pacific Standard Time exhibits (Kienholz, Nordman, and Asco) - Assignment Example Nordman seems to have paid delicate attention to grasping the idea about the unique possibility with nature and the immensity it is bound to substantiate the contemplative instinct of its watcher. In the mode of art detailed via the aforementioned pieces, one emerges to recognize the fluidity in the elements of smoke and the projected sight and sound of the surging beach water. Already there comes for a viewer the response to possess the moment of naturally and constantly blending into the scene. If a music were to exude out of the show, then it would be to hear a fusion of jazz and rhythm and blues with alternative melodies playing under the conceptualized mood of dynamism and stillness. A sense of elegance is fashionably rendered in the simplicity of the acts and materials used to evoke the film’s romantic objective. It is entirely up to the audience how thoughtful imaginings ought to depict any mystery in or characterize the prospective lovers. Having felt the intellectual side of the artist in directing the individual attitude of the man and the woman, such creation may be claimed to have attained a distinct level of mature sensibility which is capable of sending the viewers adrift from their typical perspective of romance or affectionate yearning. Enhancing her creative design as Nordman puts it: â€Å"The Pacific ocean and the sun are also actors in the scene.† As a whole, Maria Nordman does live up to her identity with permanent transience in this exhibit that the manner it takes the interpreter appears more of by acquiring familiarity with a passion for something yet unknown. Her style commences a postmodernist approach with filming that has quite the potential of adjusting sentimental or psychological reactions. Being one that is perceived with optimum use of space, the Filmroom presentation might strike the heart with smoky impression of varying meanings yet even further to that, it is certain to find the inevitable poetic reflections dissolve in

Automating computer usual processes Essay Example for Free

Automating computer usual processes Essay Nowadays, almost all kinds of establishments are relying on computers for automating their usual processes. Most of the manual systems in offices are replaced by the automated systems which use computer technology. Moreover, computers have also diminished the total manual works and the effectiveness of employees has also increased because of the dependence of establishments on computer technology. It helps also to perform the routine business tasks much quicker compared to the manual way of doing things. Computer nowadays is no longer considered a luxury but rather a necessity with the emergence of information technology 1 â€Å"We are in the so-called information age, and every transaction at every phase of the establishments depends on modern computing. † As observed, there are already many manual systems that are being replaced by the computerized ones. Some of these are the payroll, sales and monitoring, point of sale, enrollment, grading, library, and other related systems.. Integration with the people in the society is in demand for progress. The relation field of Information Technology concerns the use of computer-based information system to convert, process, protect, share, store, transmits and retrieve information. Technologies have brought us more advances on personal computer, to build new industries and change the lifestyle of each individual. These advances became more powerful and more productive for simultaneous growth in society and industries. Using Internet is one of the medium of today’s communication, people easily connect in the current events in their community and even outside their places and acquire necessary information in just a short period of time. 2As the saying goes, â€Å"Nothing is permanent than change† so as with Information Technology. This field will continue to prosper and continue to help change lives by improving it. Although most people, especially in the Philippines still prefer the old ways or manual transactions, the future Filipino generations will eventually embrace ch ange and not only that, but also be the one to provide change through the future students and graduates that will courageously take this field. Every bit of information is now considered as a powerful tool hence it should be used and managed with the utmost caution. This mere reason prompts many establishments to produce their own system  that will protect information. The Bicol Consortium for Health Research and Development (BCHRD) was established to address the existing health condition in the Bicol region. It is a coordinating system involving various institutions in the region with interest in health research. The BCHRD was created upon the partnership with Philippine National Health Research System (PNHRS), Regional Development Council (RDC) with the member institutions of : Department of Health (DOH) ,Bicol Regional and Training And Teaching Hospital(BRTTH), Commision on Higher Education (CHED) , Bicol University (BU), Catanduanes State University (CSU), University of Saint Anthony, Ago Medical and Educational Center (AMEC), Atedeo de Naga, University of Nueva Caseres, Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Aquinas Univ ersity of Legazpi (AUl), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Bicol Medical Center, Partido State University (PSU) . Universidad de Santa Isabel. The existing health condition in the region necessities the establishment of a strong health research and development (RD) coordinating system involving various institution in the region with interest in health research. Putting them together to work on consortium arrangement will promote complementation, thereby increase the synergy despite limited resources for RD undertakings. The Bicol Consortium for Health Research and Development (BCHRD) was therefore established to address the afore mentioned concerns. The primarily goal and objective of BCHRD is to institute/strengthen the system collaboration in Bicol to develop and enhance the capacity of research institution within the region which have interest and engage in health related researches, as a strategy to improve the health condition of Bicolanos Specifically the consortium aims to : (a) Undertake and/or spearhead health related Research and Development (RD) activities; (b) Establish a collaborative system for effective shari ng and utilization of physical, financial and manpower resources among member-institution as well encourage the active involvement of non-members that will fave the way for expanding the membership of consortium; (c) Promote an effective collaboration and harmonious working relationship between among member-institutions in the conduct of researches in health, nutrition related fields; (d) Encourage, generate and provide funds for health –related researches in accordance with the health and nutrition priority  areas/sectors indicated in the plans of the Regional Development Council (RDC) and the Philippine National Health Research System (PNHRS); (e) Develop the capability in manpower, facilities and other infrastructure for health and nutrition and other related researches; (f) Effectively promote the proper utilization of health research findings; (g) Serve as clearing house for all health related researches; (h) Establish linkages/network within and outside the region ; and (i) Institute a mechanism and implement strategies for a sustained visibility of the consortium and ensure a long-term viability of the consortium. Monitoring system is not just used in the field of industry; it has also a very significant role in improving the quality of education in the country (Philippines). Once this technological approach is implemented a full assurance that the aimed quality of educational system will be able to reach its peak of being more organized and well improved system In terms of paper works, these two types of management system can easily manage the projects through having an Proposal monitoring system. Archiving system refers to the process of moving data through an automated storage device that helps the people to access the data easily. Before, an archival record was identified with manuscripts or with written records. Years passed by, archival record refers to recorded information, specifically in paper-based transforming it to automated form method. Implementing an archiving system of records can do task of organizing, monitoring and easy generation of reports. On the other hand, all the Research proposal that are pending, denied or approve must be monitored in order to ease the different operations and functions of organizations. In this study, monitoring system for the research proposal of the institution is the most needed to work to. This system updates the current status of the research project. In addition, monitoring system has a significant role in improving the quality of the implemented projects to be able to reach its goal. Because of its function, they are having problems in a certain field. They seem to have problems in the management of projects from time to time. In addition, the increasing burden of creating and maintaining the archive of projects. Their file storage is full of projects making it a burden when finding a needed project. This study aimed to create a system for the Bicol Consortium for  Health Research and Development. It covered the storing and updating of projects that are processed in the department and al so uploading projects in the system that can be retrieved easily. Statement of objective General Objectives This study aims to develop a research proposal and monitoring management system for the Bicol Consortium for Health Research and Development. Specific Objectives 1.) To create a system that will facilitate research proposal and monitor status for approval. 2.) To develop a monitoring system for all ongoing researches. 3.) To record all pending, approved and rejected proposals, and ongoing and completed research of the health proponent/researcher. 4.) To create a secure system for monitoring of research proposals and projects. 5.) To generate reports on the status of research projects and proposals. Scope of the System Check the requirements for filing a proposal Keep track of the status of the proposal Keep track of the research’s accomplishments and budgets Monitor progress of ongoing research Scope and Delimitation This study is about Bicol Consortium for Health Research and Development. This will cover the checking of requirements the tracking and monitoring of the proposal. It has the overall planning, coordination, and control of a project from beginning to completion. The system records the detailed planning, proposed, on-going and finished projects in the department. Old  files were also scanned and be saved as pdf. The secretary, regional administrator, institution head and all the member of the health research were given privileged to view the system. The employees may ask the administrator of each section if they need files that were in the system. The head administrator provides admin accounts for each section head. The proposal monitoring management system has different sections for the storage of projects (proposed, on-going and finished projects) and it provided easy access to the projects’ status and tracks the finished projects that are archived. Old and new files are archived in this system. The date could only be searched, retrieved and printed. The archive could be searched by date, name etc. As for the proposal monitoring management system, it provided an automated monitoring and checking the status of ongoing research development. It has additional features, like the user is notified for the reminders of the agency; and the system is secured by providing administrator restrictions. On the other hand, the proposed system would not include other health researcher that are not member of the institutions that are part of BCHRD. The study only focused on the automation of storage of all projects that would be made and were done, monitoring its status among various sections of PDMO and provide an automated maintenance plan in monitoring, checking and repairing of items. Significance of the Study The result of the study will benefit the following: Bicol University. College of Science One of the four-fold functions of a university or any academic institution is research. This study will be another contribution to the research achievements of the university. BCHRD (Bicol Consortium for Health Research and Development).This lessened the manual labor of the agency through the use of the system which operates the research projects and monitoring plans for BCHRD. Employee. The system helped the employee to do their job efficiently, properly and effectively. Students This study will serve as an educational  and reference material for their future studies and undertakings. This may also give an idea on making their own versions of the existing software, thus presenting their own modifications. Researchers. This study which is connected to the Research Proposal Monitoring and Management System will improved the researchers’ knowledge in programming skills and their sense of responsibility. Future Researchers. Students who will undertake future research projects can use this study as reference material. This will provide the future researches sufficient information with regards to system development. Definition of Terms For better understanding of the study, the following terms were defined operationally or concepltually: Research Proposal an study that request time and fund from instition Monitoring Management System the process of checking the updates and status of ongoing health research Proponent in this study the proponent is the person who is requsting or conducting health researh Storage. , this term refers to the method of storing finished and proposed projects for future use. Secure System in this study this term refers to a system that cannot be easily tamper the information that is stored. EDIT OR E-REVISE NIO Notes 1 The Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, USA: Grolier Incorporated, 1995 (accessed on May 19, 2014 9:05am) 2http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/information-technology-and-software-development/9788131760291/information-technology-basics/ch008006 (Accessed on: May 20, 2014 2:18PM) â€Å"What is Information Technology?†.

Operation Management In British Museum And London Zoo Tourism Essay

Operation Management In British Museum And London Zoo Tourism Essay British Museum is one of the largest and most comprehensive museums in the world which was found in 1753 in London. The collections exhibited there were collected all over the world from the origins of human being to present day. By visiting those fantastic objects, people will experience a historical and cultural journey. As the mission cited below from the museum website, British Museum is more than a non-profit making institution, it is a great treasure belongs to all mankind. The Aim of the British Museum (the Museum) is to hold for the benefit and education of humanity a collection representative of world cultures (the Collection), and ensure that the Collection is housed in safety, conserved, curated, researched and exhibited1. -British Museum Governance Policies and Principles London Zoo is also a famous attraction in London opened to public since 1828 which is two years after since The Zoological Society of London has been found. Over 720 different species of animal exhibited here, it is a place not just for visiting, it is a playground in which you can interact with animals and get better known of their living. The main purpose of this essay is to find out the similarity and difference of operation methods between two organizations. Therefore, the operation procedure of British Museum will be illustrated at first, which will be generally indentified through several aspects, such as layout and 4Vs. Afterwards, the necessary comparison and contrast will be analysed between British Museum and the given case London Zoo. And some recommendations will be given in the end. Facilities of British Museum In order to study the operation system in British Museum, the facilities used in the Museum will be illustrated in the following. Furthermore, the analysis will be taken specifically and try to find out the deficiency  it needs to improve. 2.1 Operations management in not-for-profit organization As the obligation mentioned in introduction, British Museum is a trust funding organization which is free to the public, so generally speaking it is a non-profit making organization. However, the Museum makes the profit in some certain ways, such as recruiting the members and selling the souvenirs in the shop. To make it simple and clear, in the following research, British Museum will only be considered as an organization which only provides service to satisfy people by creating a good atmosphere and to promote its reputation all over the world. Layout and flow style With 8 million objects housed in British Museum, the layout would be a little complex. After several expansions over the centuries, it went through the changes from a normal mansion in the past to todays 75,000 m2 scale, which equals to nine football pitches. British Museum has three floors, which are lower floor, ground floor and upper floor. For my observation, the main visiting area is ground and upper floors. Ground floor Ground floor has four levels from level-1 to level 2. (see figure1) When entering the building from the main entrance, two small desks stand beside the passageway which only offers the free maps. Except for the securities, no staff can be found there. After gathering the map, I walk into the great court, and a large information desk at the right side of court, some staffs are working there for any requires. In addition, there is a special service provided here which is a multimedia guide (audio descriptions) can provide eleven different languages, by doing this the cost of staff is much reduced and the quality of service is increased. At this level ( level 0), there is a reading room opened for special exhibitions in the centre of great court and several shops and cafes opened in the corner of great court. And other facilities such as toilets for man, woman, disabled and a baby changing room are on the two sides of great court. Around the great court, more than thirty galleries are opened to the public on the three sides of the ground floor. On level -1,1,2, there are also some galleries opened. And both lifts and stairs are available between different levels. Visitors can choose any sequence of visit, clockwise, counter clockwise or random. Figure 1 Lower floor On this floor, there is less worth to visit on this floor, which only contains three galleries and two educational centres organized by enterprises ( see figure 2). Very few visitors reach this floor. Figure 2 Upper floor The galleries on this floor were arranged on the four sides of court (see figure 3). And the amount of rooms are more or less the same as ground floor, which include five themes, Ancient Egypt on the north side of level 3, Ancient Greece and Rome on the west side, Japan culture on the north side of level 5, Europe on the south side and Middle East on the right side. Figure 3 Furthermore, as more and more precious objects will exhibit in the museum, the display is very important for the operation management in British Museum. They even formed a policy of display to process the layout and flow aimed to ensure all kinds of demand from customers and to make them satisfied. Transformation process model Input to the process In the operation process, there are two sets of inputs, one is transformed resources which are always transmuted, and the other set is transforming resources which made transformed resources (Slack el al., 2004). Applied to the operation of British Museum, transformed resource will be the customers, and transforming resource is the staff, also includes all the collections. To improve the operation performance, the museum needs to explore new collections, but more importantly, it should train the staff to enhance their professional skills in two ways, the exhibitions maintenance and customers service. Within the process In the process, Slack el al. (2004) point out that different inputs transformed can be determining different types of process. Here the types of process will be divided into three categories; respectively they are materials process which is to transform the physical products, information processing which concerned with informational properties and customer processing which means customers are considered as major input throughout the whole process. As the above clarification, it is obvious that the British Museum belongs to customer processing, because at the beginning of transformation, each customer is fresh without any experience to the museum, but when tour ends, the physiological state of customers are equipped with basic knowledge and feeling about what they visited. Outputs from the process After studying the operation process, it is can be found that very few organizations produced pure product or service, in most of cases, services and products are merging together to enhance their competition in the market. Generally speaking, the output of British Museum is service, which is intangible and hard to qualify. Some organizations adopted the customer feedback mechanism to qualify the fulfilment of customers need. This kind of processing requires a high qualification to satisfied customers psychology needs. Characterizes of process : 4Vs 2.4.1 Analysis of 4Vs between London Zoo and British Museum After identifying the outputs and inputs of British Museum, the volume, variety, variation and visibility should be analysed. Firstly, as the biggest national tourist attraction in UK, both British Museum and London Zoo have a high volume of visiting. In 2009/2010, 5.7 million people visited the British Museum. And in busy days, the visitors of London reached 4000 to 6000 per day in average. Next, the variety of service in London Zoo and British Museum is relatively high. Although a large amount of exhibitions provided by the two organizations, visitors can choose the touring routines according to their needs and preference. There is no fixed routine. Thirdly, the variation of demand in British Museum is low due to it just experiences a small fluctuation in summer holiday compared with normal days. Conversely, customers demand of London zoo on weekends and special events will spur to 18000 per day while on Christmas Eve only 48 visitors there, so the variation of London Zoo is relati vely high. Finally, visibility means customer contact which made by organizations. As the case shown that London zoo has high visibility, in such circumstance, they realise the importance to improve service and to meet customers need. Similarly, British museum usually arrange the short period tours and try to benefit visitor to fulfil their need. However, the contact between staff and visitor is not frequent here. Table 1. Organization Volume Variety Variation Visibility London Zoo High High Relatively High High British Museum High High Low Medium 2.4.2 The implication of 4Vs of operations Compared with the ideal dimensions in the four aspects, high volume, low variety, low variation in demand, and low visibility, the operation process of British Museum seems closed to the ideal model and cost less in its operation management. However, the high variation of customers demand requires London Zoo to explore what customers really want from them. And it is the point for London Zoo to keep a sustainable increase. Pros and Cons of operation process in British Museum 3.1 Pros 3.1.1 Specify and categorize customer demand: Explore  the Museums highlights As a huge amount of collections exhibited in the museum, for most visitors, it is impossible to visit all the galleries in such a short period. To give the visitors a worthy visit, the museum selected a few of most valuable objects and created several options according to different length of tour. This is providing an opportunity for visitors to explore the highlight exhibitions, then visitors can plan their own trip by those suggested routine. Thus, the satisfaction of visitors can be largely improved. Meanwhile, it can also avoid the crowd in peak season and shorten the operation process. The routine suggested currently as below (Visitors can find the information at information desk) 1 hour at the Museum 3 hours at the Museum Objects to see with children A history of the world in 100 objects As the four selected routines designed by British Museum, on one hand visitors will tour the museum with the purpose, the time of visiting is much saved and it also make this touring much clear and effective. On the other hand, it makes the process flow fluent and efficient. 3.2 Cons 3.2.1 Complex layout for the large galleries Generally, the collections are categorized in related to the nature and history of objects. So in British Museum, the main permanent galleries are Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Rome, Europe, Asia and Middle East, Africa and America. And some large galleries contain two levels. The situation is when you wanted to visit the galleries completely, you have to go upstairs. If you pass through the way-out upstairs, your routine of the whole visiting will be disturbed. Otherwise, you have to go downstairs go on the visit to other galleries. Additionally, for such a layout, visitors are easily getting confused and lost directions, because there is no any sign of direction. During the visiting, I found the division between different themes was not so clear, especially for those big galleries which contain two levels. 3.2.2 Less space on the hot spot area Another layout problem is that it was a little bit crowed in the popular galleries such as the gallery of ancient Egypt. For my observation on that day, so many people were interested in Egypt Mummy and stopped to take photographs or pay a notice on particular object. In such way, it made the gallery too crowded to visit, and visitors must feel unsatisfied at this moment. Comparison and contrast between British Museum and London Zoo 4.1 General introduction of case London Zoo London zoo is one of the most popular animal collections in the world which opened in 1828; the aim of it is to house and display live animals and makes profit. In the past few decades, visitor attendance keeps high although there is a fluctuation because of zoos reconstruction and some other public reasons. But by the mid-1950s the visitor numbers began to decline from 2 million year by year, and by 1995/96, the budgeted level was just nine hundred thousand. The main reason is from social-economic changes including changing of living habits, growth in car ownership, leisure preferences and inflation as well as fierce competition. Due to the decrease in visitor attendance and lack of investment in zoos developments or its image, urgent action needs to be taken to change the situation. With the support of zoos staff, a new development plan was published and adopted in 1992 in order to improve the facilities and the service quality. Relevant surveys also need to be made in advance. Profit and not-profit The British Museum can be regarded as a non-profit organization sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, but it also has self-generated income through retail, international touring exhibitions, Membership, and fundraising programmes. By contract, London Zoo mainly relies on the financial profit to keep running its daily operation and maintenance and also partly relies on the public fund. To some extent, British Museum is trying to achieving a high reputation worldwide by create the most comfortable environment to visitors, however, London Zoo aims to enhance the quality of service to attract more visitors and increase the income. Defined the targeted visitors Both British Museum and London Zoo understand the importance to define their target visitors. Generally, the target customers of British Museum are tourist including individuals, couples and families, some specific researchers as well. After define the customer and their need, the museum provides selected touring options to normal visitors, which is a convenient service to visitors. Same as London Zoo, after specified the visitors, it is important to improve their service by knowing what their particular needs. By categories the visitors and figure out the characters of each group, organization will be easy to improve the service to meet their exact need. Quality of service As my observation of British Museum, it is hard to feel the existence of service even they provide the short free tour occasionally. Except for the information desk, you can hardly find any staff for help. Compared to British Museum, London Zoo also suffers from quality problem, due to capacity problem. London Zoo operated badly during peak periods because of lack of staff. As a result, the column contact with staff received the lowest score in the investigation. Long queues, delays, lack of contact lead to problems in quality in London Zoo Conclusion recommendation As the study above, although both British museum and London zoo belong to service organizations, the commercial purposes are different. However, they aim to provide the best service to achieve the success in their own business area. As the big national organizations, even though both London Zoo and British Museum are fully equipped in facilities, there are still some operation problems in service quality and process of layout. For British Museum, in terms of layout, they may provide the visitors more comfortable environment by expanding the space in the hot spot galleries; in the large galleries, the museum can display the collections all in the same level to avoid making visitors confused or lost. While in terms of service, I suggest that the staff may contact with visitors face to face more. For London Zoo, the capacity should be improved through recruiting the temporary staff during peak season. As the survey adopted in the case study, they have to create more contact with visitors and supply more qualified catering to increase the performance. No matter how big the organization scale is, it still has its strength and weakness. The obligation of management team is keeping optimize the operation process and continuously making profit and get a great reputation in the business area.

Talk Radio :: essays papers

Talk Radio In Talk Radio, Oliver Stone brings together all venues of filmmaking to capture the story he wants to tell. With tremendous collaboration from the DP, the production designer, the writer, and the performers, Stone calculated a tight, moving film in high style. Beginning with the script, Stone and Bogosian formed a laborious respect in the nature of the piece. They each understood the underlying theme that Barry repeats over and over again. â€Å"If you don’t like it, why don’t you turn it off?† (sic) They went after the build up of Barry’s paranoia and need for voice/attention, knowing all along he would have to die for the film to mean anything. We start the film off in the clutches of its finale; the crazed fan waiting for his prey in smoke. It is only until Barry can recognize the error in his ways that he can be taken from the world to speak louder than any airwave or radio signal. This is wonderfully shown in the voice montage of callers. The idea of the radio station being a safe world unto its own, where no light penetrates and no one from the real world can gain access, is a wonderful metaphor for Barry himself. A loud talking, overly proud shock jock, who cannot afford to let anyone in. The world of the station has no windows, no warm light, and no ties to the ugly city around it. Barry dresses in black, like the studio, which is set in contempo-modern deco blacks and grays. He talks about subjects no one wants to admit is true. We are constantly in shadow, always hearing and watching two different stories, and wondering where it’ll go. Stone keeps us constantly aware of how Barry affects those around him and at the center of attention. Using moving shots, reflection focus pulls, dimming lights, and split diopters we never lose sight of the choices Barry is making and what it’s doing to those around him.

Stella Mccartney

Stella McCartney Famous English fashion designer, Stella Nina McCartney, was born September 13, 1971. From the young age of twelve she became interested in designing clothes, when she made her first jacket. After graduating from Central Saint Martin’s College of Art and design, Stella McCartney has made a name for herself in the fashion industry. Stella McCartney shops are spread across the globe in exclusive locations including Manhattan’s Soho, London’s Mayfair and Brompton Cross, LA’s West Hollywood, Paris’ Palais Royal, Milan and Tokyo. Out of the twenty-three shops this paper focuses on the store in London, Mayfair.Stella McCartney collections range from women’s ready-to-wear, accessories, lingerie, eyewear, children’s wear, and Adidas by Stella McCartney. Marie Claire calls McCartney, the queen of Eco-Cool. As a strict vegetarian, McCartney refuses to use fur or leather in her designs and is a strong supporter of PETA. In some of the designs the text elaborates on her â€Å"no animal† policy. McCartney explains that depending on what season, twenty to thirty percent of the collections contain some kind of eco or sustainable element, either being organic fabric or a natural dye.Before going to the store and doing some research I found out that the London store and offices are powered by Ecotricity which invests in wind power. Keeping with the companies earth-friendly views they use biodegradable bags and recycled paper products. The London, Mayfair shopping experience was completely different to how a normal day out in the shops would be. From the moment of walking in we were analysing and paying more attention to different things in the store from the lighting, to customer service, music, the design and the layout. When entering the shop the atmosphere was calm and relaxing with nice vibes from the staff.The staff were very kind and attentive and assisted with sizes. Another thing we noticed was the perfume smell that was sprayed around the shop, it made the shop unique and memorable. You associate smell with many things including places so in a business perspective it is a smart technique. The design of the shop was simplistic with white walls and big windows which gives the shop a great natural light. The big mirrors spread everywhere made the store look a lot bigger than it really was. The colours of the collection all blend really well together sorting from green, blue, orange and pinks.I found the whole shopping experience comfortable and stress-free. The shop was inviting and I would definitely go back not only for the clothing but also for the customer service that you rarely see in shops in London. References Dafont. com (n. d. ) Fancy > Retro fonts | dafont. com. [online] Available at:http://www. dafont. com/theme. php? cat=115[Accessed: 27 Feb 2013]. Interview Magazine (2013) Stella McCartney. [online] Available at:http://www. interviewmagazine. com/fashion/stella-mcc artney [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013]. Marie Claire (2013) Stella McCartney: The Queen of Eco-Cool. online] Available at:http://www. marieclaire. com/fashion/trends/stella-mccartney-eco-fashion [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013]. Stella McCartney – Online Store (2013) Stella McCartney – Official website. Women’s ready-to-wear, accessories, lingerie, sports performance collection â€Å"adidas by Stella McCartney,† eyewear, fragrance and kids. [online] Available at:http://www. stellamccartney. com/ [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013]. Vogue UK (2012) Stella McCartney. [online] Available at: http://www. vogue. co. uk/spy/biographies/stella-mccartney-biography [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013].

The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 12

â€Å"Tonight you get a taste of what our world wil be like when our competition is out of the picture. Fol ow me!† Riley bounded away; Raoul and his team were right on his heels. Kristie's group started shoving and clawing right through the middle of them to get to the front. â€Å"Don't make me change my mind!† Riley bel owed from the trees ahead. â€Å"You can al go thirsty. I don't care!† Kristie barked an order and her group sul enly fel behind Raoul's. Fred and I waited until the last of them was out of sight. Then Fred did one of those little ladies first sweeps with his arm. It didn't feel like he was afraid to have me at his back, just that he was being polite. I started running after the army. The others were already long gone, but it was nothing to fol ow their smel . Fred and I ran in companionable silence. I wondered what he was thinking. Maybe he was only thirsty. I was burning, so he probably was, too. We caught up to the others after about five minutes, but kept our distance. The army was moving in amazing quiet. They were focused, and more†¦ disciplined. I kind of wished that Riley had started the training sooner. It was easier to be around this group. We crossed over an empty two-lane freeway, another strip of forest, and then we were on a beach. The water was smooth, and we'd gone almost due north, so this must have been the strait. We hadn't passed near any residences, and I was sure that was on purpose. Thirsty and on edge, it wouldn't take too much to dissolve this smal measure of organization into a screaming free-for-al . We'd never hunted al together before, and I was pretty sure that it was not a good idea now. I remembered Kevin and the Spider-Man kid fighting over the woman in the car that first night I'd talked to Diego. Riley had better have a whole lot of bodies for us or people were going to start tearing each other up to get the most blood. Riley paused at the water's edge. â€Å"Don't hold back,† he told us. â€Å"I want you wel fed and strong – at your peak. Now†¦ let's go have some fun.† He dove smoothly into the surf. The others were growling excitedly as they submerged, too. Fred and I fol owed more closely than before because we couldn't fol ow their scent under water. But I could feel that Fred was hesitant – ready to bolt if this was something other than an al -you-can-eat smorgasbord. It seemed like he didn't trust Riley any more than I did. We didn't swim long, and then we saw the others kicking upward. Fred and I surfaced last, and Riley started talking as soon as our heads were out of the water, like he'd been waiting for us. He must have been more aware of Fred than the others were. â€Å"There she is,† he said, waving toward a large ferry chugging south, probably making the last commuter run of the night down from Canada. â€Å"Give me a minute. When the power goes out, she's al yours.† There was an excited murmur. Someone giggled. Riley was off like a shot, and seconds later we saw him fly up the side of the big boat. He headed straight for the control tower on top of the ship. Silencing the radio was my bet. He could say al he wanted about these enemies being our reason for caution, but I was sure there was more to it than that. Humans weren't supposed to know about vampires. At least, not for very long. Just long enough for us to kil them. Riley kicked a big plate-glass window out of his way and disappeared into the tower. Five seconds later, the lights went out. I realized Raoul was already gone. He must have submerged so we wouldn't hear him swimming after Riley. Everyone else took off, and the water churned as if an enormous school of barracuda were attacking. Fred and I swam at a relatively leisurely pace behind them. In a funny way, it was like we were some old married couple. We never talked, but we stil did things at exactly the same time. We got to the boat about three seconds later, and already the air was ful of shrieks and the warm scent of blood. The smel made me realize exactly how thirsty I was, but that was the last thing I realized. My brain shut down completely. There was nothing but fiery pain in my throat and the delicious blood – blood everywhere – promising to put that fire out. When it was over and there wasn't a heart left beating on the whole ship, I wasn't sure how many people I'd personal y kil ed. More than triple the number I'd ever had on a hunting trip before, easy. I felt hot and flushed. I'd drunk long past the point at which my thirst was total y slaked, just for the taste of the blood. Most of the blood on the ferry was clean and luscious – these passengers had not been dregs. Though I ha dn't held back, I was probably at the low end of the kil count. Raoul was so surrounded by mangled bodies that they actual y made a little hil . He sat on top of his pile of the dead and laughed loudly to himself. He wasn't the only one laughing. The dark boat was ful of sounds of delight. I heard Kristie say, â€Å"That was amazing – three cheers for Riley!† Some of her crowd put up a raucous chorus of hurrahs like a bunch of happy drunks. Jen and Kevin swung onto the view deck, dripping wet. â€Å"Got 'em al, boss,† Jen cal ed to Riley. So some people must have tried to swim for it. I hadn't noticed. I looked around for Fred. It took me a while to find him. I final y realized that I couldn't look directly at the back corner by the vending machines, and I headed that way. At first I felt like the rocking ferry was making me seasick, but then I got close enough that the feeling faded and I could see Fred standing by the window. He smiled at me quickly, and then looked over my head. I fol owed his gaze and saw that he was watching Riley. I got the feeling that he'd been doing this for some time. â€Å"Okay, kids,† Riley said. â€Å"You've had a taste of the sweet life, but now we've got work to do!† They al roared enthusiastical y. â€Å"I've got three last things to tel you – and one of those things involves a little dessert – so let's sink this scow and get home!† With laughter mixed in with the snarls, the army went to work dismantling the boat. Fred and I bailed out the window and watched the demo from a short distance. It didn't take long for the ferry to crumple in the middle with a loud groan of metal. The midsection went down first, with both the bow and the stern twisting up to point to the sky. They sank one at a time, the stern beating the bow by a few seconds. The school of barracuda headed toward us. Fred and I started swimming for shore. We ran home with the others – though keeping our distance. A couple of times Fred looked at me like he had something he wanted to say, but each time he seemed to change his mind. Back at the house, Riley let the celebratory mood wind down. Even after a few hours had passed, he stil had his hands ful trying to get everyone serious again. For once it wasn't a fight he was trying to defuse, just high spirits. If Riley's promises were false, as I thought, he was going to have an issue when the a mbush was over. Now that al these vampires had real y feasted, they weren't going to go back to any measure of restraint very easily. For tonight, though, Riley was a hero. Final y – a while after I would have guessed that the sun was up outside – everyone was quiet and paying attention. From their faces, it seemed they were ready to hear just about anything he had to say. Riley stood halfway up the stairs, his face serious. â€Å"Three things,† he began. â€Å"First, we want to be sure we get the right coven. If we accidental y run across another clan and slaughter them, we'l tip our hand. We want our enemies overconfident and unprepared. There are two things that mark this coven, and they're pretty hard to miss. One, they look different – they have yel ow eyes.† There was a murmur of confusion. â€Å"Yel ow?† Raoul repeated in a disgusted tone. â€Å"There's a lot of the vampire world out there that you haven't encountered yet. I told you these vampires were old. Their eyes are weaker than ours – yel owed with age. Another advantage to our side.† He nodded to himself as if to say, one down. â€Å"But other old vampires exist, so there is another way that we'l know them for sure†¦ and this is where the dessert I mentioned comes into play.† Riley smiled slyly and waited a beat. â€Å"This is going to be hard to process,† he warned. â€Å"I don't understand it, but I've seen it for myself. These old vampires have gone so soft that they actual y keep – as a member of their coven – a pet human.† His revelation was met by blank silence. Total disbelief. â€Å"I know – hard to swal ow. But it's true. We'l know it's definitely them because a human girl wil be with them.† â€Å"Like†¦ how?† Kristie asked. â€Å"You mean they carry meals around with them or something?† â€Å"No, it's always the same girl, just the one, and they don't plan to kil her. I don't know how they manage it, or why. Maybe they just like to be different. Maybe they want to show off their self-control. Maybe they think it makes them look stronger. It makes no sense to me. But I've seen her. More than that, I've smel ed her.† Slow and dramatic, Riley reached into his jacket and pul ed out a smal ziplock bag with red fabric wadded up inside. â€Å"I've done some recon in the past few weeks, checking the yel ow-eyes out as soon as they got near the area.† He paused to throw us a paternal look. â€Å"I watch out for my kids. Anyway, when I could tel that they were moving on us, I grabbed this† – he brandished the bag – â€Å"to help us track them. I want you al to get a lock on this scent.† He handed the bag to Raoul, who opened the plastic zipper and inhaled deeply. He glanced up at Riley with a startled look. â€Å"I know,† Riley said. â€Å"Amazing, right?† Raoul handed the bag to Kevin, his eyes narrowing in thought. One by one, each vampire sniffed the bag, and everyone reacted with wide eyes but little else. I was curious enough that I sidled away from Fred until I could feel a hint of the nausea and knew I was outside his circle. I crept forward until I was next to the Spider-Man kid, who seemed to be at the tail end of the line. He sniffed inside the bag when it was his turn and then seemed about to hand it back to the kid who had given it to him, but I held my hand out and hissed quietly. He did a double take – almost like he'd never see me before – and handed me the bag. It looked like the red fabric was a shirt. I stuck my nose in the opening, keeping my eyes on the vampires near me, just in case, and inhaled. Ah. I understood the expressions now and felt a similar one on my face. Because the human who had worn this shirt had seriously sweet blood. When Riley said dessert, he was dead right. On the other hand, I was less thirsty than I'd ever been. So while my eyes widened in appreciation, I didn't feel enough pain in my throat to make me grimace. It would be awesome to taste this blood, but in that exact moment, it didn't hurt me that I couldn't. I wondered how long it would take for me to get thirsty again. Usual y, a few hours after feeding, the pain would start to come back, and then it would just get worse and worse until – after a couple of days – it was impossible to ignore it even for a second. Would the excessive amount of blood I'd just drunk delay that? I guessed I'd see pretty soon. I glanced around to make sure no one was waiting for the bag, because I thought Fred would probably be curious, too. Riley caught my eye, smiled the tiniest bit, and jerked his chin slightly toward the corner where Fred was. Which made me want to do the exact opposite of what I'd just been planning, but whatever. I didn't want Riley to be suspicious of me. I walked back to Fred, ignoring the nausea until it faded and I was right next to him. I handed him the bag. He seemed pleased I'd thought to include him; he smiled and then sniffed the shirt. After a second he nodded thoughtful y to himself. He gave me the bag back with a significant look. The next time we were alone, I thought he would say aloud whatever it was he had seemed to want to share before. I tossed the bag toward Spider-Man, who reacted like it had fal en out of the sky but stil caught it before it hit the ground. Everyone was buzzing about the scent. Riley clapped his hands together twice. â€Å"Okay, so there's the dessert I was talking about. The girl wil be with the yel ow-eyes. And whoever gets to her first gets dessert. Simple as that.† Appreciative growls, competitive growls. Simple, yes, but†¦ wrong. Weren't we supposed to be destroying the yel ow-eyed coven? Unity was supposed to be the key, not a first-come, first-served prize that only one vampire could win. The only guaranteed outcome from this plan was one dead human. I could think of half a dozen more productive ways to motivate this army. The one who kil s the most yel ow-eyes wins the girl. The one who shows the best team cooperation gets the girl. The one who sticks to the plan best. The one who fol ows orders best. MVP, etc. The focus should be on the danger, which was definitely not the human. I looked around at the others and decided that none of them were fol owing the same train of thought. Raoul and Kristie were glaring at each other. I heard Sara and Jen arguing in whispers about the possibility of sharing the prize. Wel, maybe Fred got it. He was frowning, too. â€Å"And the last thing,† Riley said. For the first time there was some reluctance in his voice. â€Å"This wil probably be even harder to accept, so I'l show you. I won't ask you to do anything I won't do. Remember that – I'm with you guys every step of the way.† The vampires got real stil again. I noticed that Raoul had the ziplock back and was gripping it possessively. â€Å"There are so many things you have yet to learn about being a vampire,† Riley said. â€Å"Some of them make more sense than others. This is one of those things that won't sound right at first, but I've experienced it myself, and I'l show you.† He deliberated for a long second. â€Å"Four times a year, the sun shines at a certain indirect angle. During that one day, four times a year, it is safe†¦ for us to be outside in the daylight.† Every tiny movement stopped. There was no breathing. Riley was talking to a bunch of statues. â€Å"One of those special days is beginning now. The sun that is rising outside today won't hurt any of us. And we are going to use this rare exception to surprise our enemies.† My thoughts spun around and turned upside down. So Riley knew it was safe for us to go out in the sun. Or he didn't, and our creator had told him this â€Å"four days a year† story. Or†¦ this was true and Diego and I had lucked into one of those days. Except that Diego had been out in the shade before. And Riley was making this into some kind of solstice-y seasonal thing, while Diego and I had been safe in the daylight just four days ago. I could understand that Riley and our creator would want to control us with the fear of the sun. It made sense. But why tel the truth – in a very limited way – now? I would bet it had to do with those scary dark-cloaks. She probably wanted to get a jump on her deadline. The cloaked ones had not promised to let her live when we kil ed al the yel ow-eyes. I guessed she would be off like a shot the second she'd accomplished her objective here. Kil the yel ow-eyes and then take an extended vacation in Australia or somewhere else on the other side of the world. And I'd bet she wasn't going to send us engraved invitations. I would have to get to Diego quick so we could bail, too. In the opposite direction from Riley and our creator. And I ought to tip Fred off. I decided I would as soon as we had a moment alone. There was so much manipulation going on in this one little speech, and I wasn't sure I was catching it al . I wished Diego were here so we could analyze it together. If Riley was just making up this four-days story on the spot, I guess I could understand why. It's not like he could have just said, Hey, so I've lied to you for your whole lives, but now I'm telling the truth. He wanted us to fol ow him into battle today; he couldn't undermine whatever trust he'd earned. â€Å"It's right for you to be terrified at the thought,† Riley told the statues. â€Å"The reason you are al stil alive is that you paid attention when I told you to be careful. You got home on time, you didn't make mistakes. You let that fear make you smart and cautious. I don't expect you to put that intel igent fear aside easily. I don't expect you to run out that door on my word. But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He looked around the room once. â€Å"I do expect you to follow me out.† His eyes slid away from the audience for just the teensiest fraction of a second, touching very briefly on something over my head. â€Å"Watch me,† he told us. â€Å"Listen to me. Trust me. When you see that I'm okay, believe your eyes. The sun on this one day does have some interesting effects on our skin. You'l see. It won't hurt you in any way. I wouldn't do anything to put you guys in unnecessary danger. You know that.† He started up the stairs. â€Å"Riley, can't we just wait – ,† Kristie began. â€Å"Just pay attention,† Riley cut her off, stil moving up at a measured pace. â€Å"This gives us a big advantage. The yel oweyes know al about this day, but they don't know that we know.† As he was talking, he opened the door and walked out of the basement into the kitchen. There was no light in the wel -shaded kitchen, but everyone stil shied away from the open doorway. Everyone but me. His voice continued, moving toward the front door. â€Å"It takes most young vampires a while to embrace this exception – for good reason. Those who aren't cautious about the daylight don't last long.† I felt Fred's eyes on me. I glanced over at him. He was staring at me urgently, as if he wanted to take off but had nowhere to go. â€Å"It's okay,† I whispered almost silently. â€Å"The sun's not going to hurt us.† You trust him? he mouthed back at me. No way.

Jefferson and Madison essays

Jefferson and Madison essays Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, who were republicans, were against what they regarded as an intensity and misuse of power in the hands of the federalists in the Washington and Adams management. Alexander Hamilton, the secretary of treasury, had a major impact on the ideas proposed during the administration of Washington. Before the time of their presidency, Jefferson and Madison were completely opposed to Hamiltons ideas and devices. Hamilton believed in a strong central government led by a prosperous, educated elite of upper-class citizens. He was also a loose constructionist, who believed that the government was able to do anything as long as the Constitution did not specifically forbid it from doing so. Hamilton, as well as Washington and Adams, was more of a pragmatist. Having a grip on reality aided in making wiser decisions. When elected President, Jefferson and Madison, compromised their position they held against the Federalists, by contradicting their belief syste m and siding more with Hamiltons ideas. Before his presidency, Jefferson was a strict constructionist, who believed that the government could not do anything except what the Constitution specifically empowered it to do. His contradiction to this belief was the Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase, which included all of the land drained by the western tributaries of the Mississippi River, doubled the size of the United States. Jefferson, who purchased the land from Napoleon, realized that the vast new lands could form the empire of liberty that was his vision for the nation. Feeling uncertain that the purchase was constitutional, Jefferson used loose constructionism as his excuse for purchasing the land. At the time, Jefferson feared that Napoleons intention with the land, which was to use the territory as a breadbasket for the French West Indies, would force the United States into an alliance with Britain....

7 Proofreading Steps

7 Proofreading Steps 7 Proofreading Steps 7 Proofreading Steps By Mark Nichol Proofreading is the last line of defense for quality control in print and online publishing. Be sure to conduct a thorough proofread of all documents before they are printed for distribution and of all Web pages before they go live, using these guidelines. But before you proof, you must edit. (This post explains the difference between the two processes.) There’s no use expending time and effort to check for minor typographical errors until the editing stage is complete. Review for proper organization, appropriate tone, and grammar, syntax, usage, and style before the document is laid out. Stakeholders should read the edited version before layout and submit requests for revisions during the editing stage. If anyone other than the editorial staff must see the proof, remind him or her that only minor changes should be made at this point. 1. Use a Checklist Create a list of important things to check for, such as problem areas like agreement of nouns and verbs and of pronouns and antecedents, and number style. 2. Fact-Check Double-check facts, figures, and proper names. If information remains to be inserted at the last minute, highlight the omission prominently so that no one forgets to do so. 3. Spell-Check Before proofreading a printout, spell-check the electronic version to find misspellings, as well as errors you or a colleague make frequently, such as omitting a closing parenthesis or quotation mark. 4. Read Aloud Reading text during the proof stage improves your chances of noticing errors, especially missing (â€Å"a summary the report follows†) or repeated (â€Å"a summary of the the report follows†) words. 5. Focus on One Line at a Time When proofing print documents, use another piece of paper or a ruler to cover the text following the line you are proofreading, shifting the paper down as you go along. This technique helps you keep your place and discourages you from reading too quickly and missing subtle errors. 6. Attend to Format Proofreading isn’t just about reviewing the text. Make sure that the document design adheres to established specifications. Check page numbering, column alignment, relative fonts, sizes, and other features of standard elements such as headlines, subheadings, captions, and footnotes. Inspect each type of feature within categories, such as looking at every headline, then every caption, and so on. 7. Proof Again Once revisions have been made, proofread the document again with the same thoroughness, rather than simply spot-checking the changes. An insertion or deletion may have thrown off the line count, for example. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objects41 Words That Are Better Than GoodIs "Number" Singular or Plural?

Internship paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internship paper - Essay Example For this stage, I have been in communication with the owner, Inka Kardys and a support staff that handles human resources administration (Kardys is also the manager and would be my immediate supervisor throughout my internship). Here, I was asked to provide a lot of personal information as much as I was required to provide my skills and capabilities. There was a lot of focus on the interview and afterwards, it was all formality. I passed and was requested to relocate, then start my training. I started to work at Umbruch in July 1, 2009. I was required to deliver at least 40 hours per week just like any of their ordinary employee. I have to be in the office at 8 in the morning till 5 in the afternoon. I have to work there five days a week. As previously mentioned, I worked for Kardys, the firm’s manager. And so my responsibilities were mainly to assist her as he does her managerial duties as well as other tasks that she would assign me to do. From July until August 16 2009, the last day of my internship, I was subjected to a structured training which covered those duties that are related to all the operations of various departments in the company. For the first half of week, I underwent orientation and familiarization of the workplace. The orientation focused on the nature of the company and how individual employees could contribute in the firms organizational objectives. It was very thorough and by the end of this stage, I have a fairly sufficient knowledge in regard to the company, their products and services, how they work and the organizations’ goals and objectives. During this stage, I noticed that the process seem to want to inculcate in the employee the corporate culture and organizational values which I found to be important in how I dispensed with my duties and responsibilities as an employee. It was all very clear

Business Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Operations Management - Essay Example The essay "Business Operations Management" talks about the business operation management by the example of Geoff Cartwright who identified that the running of Gateshead holdings was not in a solid state and he acknowledged that there was need for major amendments to be done to ensure efficiency and quality production in the firm. Having provided multi-skill training for its team Gateshead was sure to overcome any setbacks that would be caused by lack of attendance by members of staff who had specialized on specific task and no replacement for them was available incase of their in attendance . This was a major move since there was no reason for stalling jobs because in every group all members were able to perform all tasks. Gatestead under Geoff the production manager went further to train its staff on machine maintenance and minor repairs and this factor worked positively towards reducing machine failure and time loss during minor machines breakdown in the process of production. Geof f went further to introduce Just in time and six sigma as measure of reducing wastage. It will be noted that in any production firm waste contributes to a major factor reducing profitability and utmost care should be carried out because waste increases the cost of sales made and by no means can the cost of sales lost through waste be recovered. Geoff the production manager also identified the need to give the workers incentive through wage increases and by the year 2003 the statutory minimum wage increased to 7.50 pounds/hour.

Investment Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Investment Plan - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that  as a young person and as a risk taker by nature, the reporter plan on pursuing an aggressive investment plan. He does not come from a rich background but he believes that the only way to get rich is to risk everything that one has and they are bound to get high rewards as a result. The author believes that he is a fairly patient person with the right mind set to wait for as long as it takes before he receives the rewards. In addition, since the reporter is soon going to be newly employed, he wants to start living on a budget that is entirely dependent on his gross pay rather than dipping into his savings. This means that he will not be relying on the investment money for his survival. The reporter will also supplement his retirement fund with monthly contributions from his salary.As the paper stresses as indicated before, as a young investor, his strategy is based on being aggressive, high risk and high rewards. Furthermore, due to his young a ge, negative market fluctuations in the next 40 years or so are bound to be cancelled out by the positive market fluctuations, leading to high rewards. The reporter's first investment strategy will be based on the conventional formula for finding the optimum target asset allocation meant for investing the $ 2,500 savings for his retirement fund. He might invest part (75%) of the money to purchase stock in Amazon Inc while the rest of the money will be invested in HICOX.

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example The company was small and everyone was close. Aside from good working relationships, the company encouraged employees to develop close interpersonal relationships by holding activities that required family participation. The company observed a â€Å"Family Day† wherein employees can bring spouse and children. This created a positive vibe in everyone since the company believed that employees work hard for their family’s future. Because of this culture, employees were more open, honest, caring and committed to the company. Case ( 1996 ) argues that culture plays an important role in influencing the behavior of employees, so much that it is given much attention in the workplace. The culture of Family Day in my former workplace created a shared meaning that provides positive reinforcement to the employees in a non-monetary way. The employees cherish and nurture their working experience which tremendously manifested in terms of productivity. Once an employee finds his work and organization meaningful, he goes for the extra mile as a token of appreciation to the company. This rubs down on the customer service exemplified by the crew which customers can’t help notice. Question 2: Demonstrate how theories of motivation from this course, if applied in an organization, could increase employee performance. Cite relevant examples from outside sources and/or your course materials to complete this question. (Course Outcome 2) The motivation-hygiene theory by Herzberg is one theory of motivation when properly applied in the workplace could increase employee performance. Although this theory has many criticisms, managers can use this by giving more job responsibilities to their employees since this theory assumes that people like responsibility. Also, management can think twice before drawing up additional incentive plans or benefits since these things do not necessarily enhance performance. Rather, management can and should plan carefully what motivates the

Fighting Violent Religious through Self-Governance and Economic Research Paper

Fighting Violent Religious through Self-Governance and Economic - Research Paper Example Both air and ground bombardments of the extremist groups and toppling of the extremist regimes like the previous Saddam Hussein government have failed in ending religious extremist violence. This paper will discuss the origins of the extremist groups and offer solutions to ending religious extremist violence (James and Mason 10). II. Background and history of religious extremism Unlike the popular beliefs, religious extremism and violence is not an element of any religion. Although Islam religion has Jihad, the religion prohibits the use of violence and terrorism. The root cause of religious extremism is false radical doctrines that cause frustration and anger among the extremists. Religious extremist groups are willing to use violence to maintain the status quo. Unfortunately, America has numerous hate groups and religious extremists that are always willing to use violence to achieve their terrorism objectives. Religious extremist groups make powerful denunciation of people with dif ferent lifestyles and dehumanize the non-believers in their religion. These groups make idealizations of past eras and devalue the events of the world since they intensely focus on life after death. These groups try to maintain the traditional roles of women and use violence to those who disagree with their beliefs. One common belief of all religions is the purpose of preservation of human life and living according to the will of God. Islam is committed to attaining peace through commitment to God’s will. Muslim Brotherhood, the most influential political organization in the Muslim world, has embraced radical ideologies by asserting that the Arab world is currently corrupted by Western influences. Modern Islamic extremist groups include Hamas, Hezbollah and Al-Qaeda. Islamic extremist has been triggered by the US occupation of Iraq, the globalization of the Western culture and the ongoing Palestinian-Israel conflicts where countries dominated by Christianity beliefs are suppo rting Israel in the occupation of the contested regions (James and Mason 40). Christian extremist groups also exist with the objective of using violence against members of other religions in order to transform the US to a biblical law government. Christian extremists groups have in the past used violence against citizens who live against the biblical teachings like gay people, pro-abortion groups and stem cell researchers. The goal of the Christian extremist groups is to impose their moral values in the US constitution and eventually create a â€Å"Christian America† that is ruled by Christianity beliefs and teachings. The aftermath of the Holocaust that claimed the lives of more than 6 million Jews led to the formation of Jewish religion extremist groups. The clash of cultures and faith between the extremist Muslims and extremist Christians has threatened the global peace since numerous terrorism attacks have been facilitated by the extremist groups. Islamic extremist groups have the objective of dismantling democratic governance and capitalist ideas and replace them with communist values. The return of the Palestinian State to Muslims and the total destruction of Israel is one of the objectives of religious extremism in the Israel-Palestinian crisis. Religious extremism is a part of the greater social problems experienced in the society. Historically, Islam religion was peaceful due to excellent living conditions and flourishing economies. Christians

ECO201-MicroEconomics Mod 5 CBT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECO201-MicroEconomics Mod 5 CBT - Essay Example With higher profitability, the company is able to have the financial capacity to improve its technology through additional investment. Improvement in technology and bargaining power over its suppliers make it harder for small-scale players to compete with the existing large-scale companies. Not only will the company with highly improved technology be able to produce more product to meet the market demand but also offer a better quality product to the consumers. Therefore, it is more likely that the market structure with cartels is an oligopoly – also known as having a fewer big-time players in the market. Basically, a cartel prohibits a perfect competition to occur since big players within the same industry are able to openly discuss about the fixed price big multinational companies will impose on homogenous products. to compete more on improving the quality of homogenous products they offer to the consumers aside from its marketing and promotional activities. In the process, these companies are required to compete in the market through product differentiation and product diversification. (Salin, 1996: pp. 37 – 38) Basically, the profitability of a large multinational company that manufacture shampoo product may invest some money in research and development in order to enable the company to innovate new product that could stimulate the interest of its target consumers. A good example was when arometherapy gain popularity in the market. In line with aromatherapy, a well-known shampoo brand called Palmolive under Colgate-Palmolive started to produce shampoo with different scent of aromatherapy. (Colgate, 2008) Given that large-scale multinational companies that are into cartel situation still has to compete for the same market. For this reason businesses that are able to continuously develop new strategies and innovates new products that could arouse the interest of its target market are the

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example The company was small and everyone was close. Aside from good working relationships, the company encouraged employees to develop close interpersonal relationships by holding activities that required family participation. The company observed a â€Å"Family Day† wherein employees can bring spouse and children. This created a positive vibe in everyone since the company believed that employees work hard for their family’s future. Because of this culture, employees were more open, honest, caring and committed to the company. Case ( 1996 ) argues that culture plays an important role in influencing the behavior of employees, so much that it is given much attention in the workplace. The culture of Family Day in my former workplace created a shared meaning that provides positive reinforcement to the employees in a non-monetary way. The employees cherish and nurture their working experience which tremendously manifested in terms of productivity. Once an employee finds his work and organization meaningful, he goes for the extra mile as a token of appreciation to the company. This rubs down on the customer service exemplified by the crew which customers can’t help notice. Question 2: Demonstrate how theories of motivation from this course, if applied in an organization, could increase employee performance. Cite relevant examples from outside sources and/or your course materials to complete this question. (Course Outcome 2) The motivation-hygiene theory by Herzberg is one theory of motivation when properly applied in the workplace could increase employee performance. Although this theory has many criticisms, managers can use this by giving more job responsibilities to their employees since this theory assumes that people like responsibility. Also, management can think twice before drawing up additional incentive plans or benefits since these things do not necessarily enhance performance. Rather, management can and should plan carefully what motivates the

ECO201-MicroEconomics Mod 5 CBT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECO201-MicroEconomics Mod 5 CBT - Essay Example With higher profitability, the company is able to have the financial capacity to improve its technology through additional investment. Improvement in technology and bargaining power over its suppliers make it harder for small-scale players to compete with the existing large-scale companies. Not only will the company with highly improved technology be able to produce more product to meet the market demand but also offer a better quality product to the consumers. Therefore, it is more likely that the market structure with cartels is an oligopoly – also known as having a fewer big-time players in the market. Basically, a cartel prohibits a perfect competition to occur since big players within the same industry are able to openly discuss about the fixed price big multinational companies will impose on homogenous products. to compete more on improving the quality of homogenous products they offer to the consumers aside from its marketing and promotional activities. In the process, these companies are required to compete in the market through product differentiation and product diversification. (Salin, 1996: pp. 37 – 38) Basically, the profitability of a large multinational company that manufacture shampoo product may invest some money in research and development in order to enable the company to innovate new product that could stimulate the interest of its target consumers. A good example was when arometherapy gain popularity in the market. In line with aromatherapy, a well-known shampoo brand called Palmolive under Colgate-Palmolive started to produce shampoo with different scent of aromatherapy. (Colgate, 2008) Given that large-scale multinational companies that are into cartel situation still has to compete for the same market. For this reason businesses that are able to continuously develop new strategies and innovates new products that could arouse the interest of its target market are the

Reasons for applying to Boston University and personal experience Essay Example for Free

Reasons for applying to Boston University and personal experience Essay This is an important point in life that would perhaps provide me with the capacity to develop personal reformation. It is a comparative outlay of the epochs that have defined my life. I am aged twenty-seven with a great affiliation of developing a more rational and attractive imagery that blends me with the capacity of a better societal model. This is an important step however much it came at such a time in my life. However, the same has been catalyzed by the affliction and passive rejection from my family. At my early days in school, my character and personality was never straight forward, an impression that downplayed a poor education qualification. At the plane of the outlook of my family, my siblings have continued to request me go back to finish my education. Occasionally, my grandmother was a special icon in sensitizing a better state of reformation. Her long trailing motivation in completing my studies however came to an end after her death from cancer. This was such a big stumbling block in my future conception at school compounding that I was deeply held at work for helping my family. With such a norm, the transition from working at my age to going back to school remained however difficult. Elsewhere, my family considered it more rational to working than going back to complete my studies. At high school, I was an average student who tirelessly worked hard and managed to get between A’s and C’s. However, my dreams went surging after failing to complete my studies. However, I now want to join your university for adequate completion of my studies so as to achieve such dreams. The conception of developing my character and personality however necessitated my going back to school where I enrolled at Massachusetts Bay Community College. Such a transition was not a simple attribute but its cost equaled great sacrifice and personal contribution. In the due process of recapturing my educational etiquette however, I found myself with a learning disability. This was yet a drawback in the circumstances. This disability went over providing my incapacity to meet the challenge I met when I chose to attend one of the information sessions at Boston University. Coupled with all this life achievements however, I would like to apply for finishing up my education at your University (Boston University) To me, this is a great opportunity that will offer me a chance to have a cementing effect from the personality drawbacks that characterizes my life. Your university is amongst the best in the country with a diverse educational reputation. Either, its adequate perception of a wide flexibility in student learning and environment gives the pleasure to seek admission in this university. I have fountain knowledge in lieu of what the university can offer to safeguard my interest. I am a well-modeled and behaved person who has the capacity of adhering to the required values and requirements in your university. Either, I have a collaborative attribute where I will be adequately able to interact with the various structures and persons in the university. Given the chance, I will understand therefore to have the role and obligation of following the candid stipulations and requirement which safeguards every student’s threshold at the university. I greatly promise to fully abide by the regulatory dispensation which is the basic outlay of interactive limitations with the different parties and structures within the institution.

Case Study: Fractured Hand

Case Study: Fractured Hand Introduction The reflective framework chosen for this case study is that of Peters (1991). This framework has been used and favourable evaluated within education (Bell and Gillett, 1996). Peters’ (1991) reflective framework incorporates a guideline called DATA comprising four steps; Describe Analyse Theorize Action The first step is the description of an aspect of practice the clinician wants to change. Identification would be made of the context and the reason the clinician wants to change the practice and their feelings about this. Analysis involves identification of the factors that lead to and the assumptions that support the present approach. This includes analysis of beliefs, rules and motives supporting the present approach (Imel, 1992). Theorizing is the next step which looks at the theories for developing a new approach building on the theories that were identified that were supporting the present approach. The final step is the action putting the new theories (if appropriate) into practice to ensure that such cases continue to be managed appropriately in the future. â€Å"Success of this process would occur only through additional thought and reflection† (Murray, 2006). DATA Description Patient presentation At 11 am a 64 year old lady presented to the Accident and Emergency Department with a painful right wrist following a fall. We shall call her Betty but, in order to protect confidentiality, that was not her real name. She had been brought to the department by car by her husband. Patient assessment History Betty was seen by the triage nurse and subsequent upon waiting her turn was allocated a cubicle. I saw her at 11.20 hours. An understanding of the pathophysiology of fracture is important if important aspects of the patient’s history are not to be missed. Firstly taking an adequate history of the accident, including details of the mechanism of the fall, will help the clinician to decide whether the amount of force applied to the bone would be of the degree that would be expected to cause that particular fracture. Secondly there may be underling osteoporosis leading to fracture with minimal trauma. There may be factors in the history suggestive of osteoporosis e.g. use of systemic steroids (Angeli, 2006) or early menopause without subsequent hormone replacement therapy. A fracture which occurs after only minimal trauma and from a standing height or less, the degree of trauma being that which would not normally be expected to fracture healthy bone, may be what is known as a fragility fracture. This occurs where a bone is weakened by a pathological process , (Majid and Kingsnorth, 1998) such as osteo porosis. In distinction a pathological fracture occurs because of metastatic bone disease. Thirdly not just the mechanism of the fall but the reason for the fall needs to be considered. Betty had slipped on some ice when walking outside to her car. In the absence of such a clear history other factors in the history should be considered; for instance â€Å"funny turns,† visual problems, cerebrovascular accidents, or non accidental injury. It is important to directly enquire about that last aspect. Examination On inspection Betty’s right wrist was swollen. The skin was intact. There was some distortion of the normal contour of the arm typical of a â€Å"dinner folk† deformity. The distal part of the radius was angulated dorsally, the wrist supinated and the hand deviated towards the thumb. On palpation the distal radius was markedly tender. There was no crepitus. Betty was unable to use her right arm at all. The radial and ulnar pulses were readily palpable and there was good capillary refill in the hand. Sensation in the radial, ulnar and median nerve dermatomes was normal as were finger and thumb movements. The preliminary diagnosis of Colles fracture was made with some degree of confidence since the patient was a 64 year old female who had fallen on an outstretched and had classic examination findings of such a common injury. Investigations For a completely confident diagnosis a plain X ray was required. For an X ray of a suspected fractured limb the following are requirements (Majid and Kingsnorth, 1998); The X ray should be in two different planes at right angles. The X ray should involve the joint above and below the suspected fracture site. In this case the wrist and the elbow. Diagnosis X ray examination of Betty’s arm revealed a transverse extra articular fracture of the distal radius within one inch of the wrist joint. The distal radial fragment was displaced dorsally. A Colles fracture could now be diagnosed with confidence. Management Analgesia was given by intra muscular injections of morphine 10 mg and stemetil 12.5 mg. The arm had been temporarily immobilised with a splint and elevated to prevent further injury and swelling prior to the X ray examination. Arrangements were made for prompt reduction of the fracture. The displaced fracture was reduced and manipulated and then immobilised. Betty chose to have a general anaesthetic for this procedure. To disimpact the fracture Betty’s hand was pulled distally whilst her wrist was hyper extended. Once disimpaction had been achieved the wrist was manipulated so that it was flexed with some ulnar deviation and pronation. In this position it was immobilised by a plaster cast which extended from just distal to the elbow to the metacarpophalangeal joints. These joints (and therefore the plaster) were at the site of the transverse skin crease across the palm. When the plaster had been applied Betty could move her elbow joint and her fingers and thumb. A check X ray confirmed the bone ends to be in a satisfactory position. Post operative instruction Betty was advised to wear her right arm in a sling and to move her shoulder, elbow and her fingers and thumb to prevent stiffness in these joints. Complications of immobilisation in fracture are joint stiffness and tissueand especially muscle, atrophy. An important and serious complication is Sudek’s atrophy which probably occurs due to neurological and microvascular compromise. Better was instructed to contact the hospital if her fingers became painful, swollen, cold or discoloured. This could indicate that the plaster was too tight and impeding the circulation. Rarely carpal tunnel syndrome can occur due to pressure on the median nerve at the wrist. Betty was then discharged once she had recovered fully from the anaesthetic and was able to walk around. Betty asked if she could drive and this was allowed following evidence that driving is safe with a right Colles plaster (Blair, 2002). A further review was arranged for one week. Betty was advised th at the fracture would most likely heal in four to six weeks. Once the fracture had healed by six weeks the plaster was removed and physiotherapy was advised. DATA Analysis On analysis of the case presentation it is apparent that the well known clinical features of a fracture were present; Pain Tenderness Swelling Immobility Deformity as were the five classical features of a Colles fracture, often called the â€Å"dinner fork deformity† (GP Notebook, 2006); Dorsal displacement of distal fragment Distal fragment dorsally angulated Hand deviated towards the thumb Wrist joint supinated Proximal impaction The absence of crepitus might be explained by the fact of the fracture being impacted. A fracture of the distal radius is one of the commonest fractures in adults (Majid and Kingsnorth, 1998). The Colles fracture was first described by Collees in 1814 (GP Notebook 2006) and is a transverse fracture across the distal radius within one inch of the wrist joint with dorsal displacement and angulation of the distal part of the radius. Sometimes a Colles fracture is associated with a fracture of the ulnar styloid (GP Notebook, 2006) and this must be sought on X ray. A Galeazzi fracture (GP Notebook, 2006) is a distal radial fracture associated with a dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint and is important to diagnose (also by means of an X ray) since it requires open fixation to promote adequate healing. Another injury also caused by a fall on the outstretched hand and which it is important not to miss is a fractured scaphoid (Hodgkinson, 1994). This is clinically characterised by tenderness in the â€Å"anatomical snuff box† which is that area on the back of the hand found by hyperextension of the thumb. If present this fracture mandates appropriate immobilisation to reduce the risk of subsequent disabling avascular necrosis. Other injuries can occur following a fall on the outstretched hand, such as fractures to the clavicle, humerus and other parts of the radius hence the need for the wide area of vi ew on X ray examination. Although the presentation was a typical one there was not a mechanism in place to arrange suitable follow up for Betty to see if measures were necessary to protect her from subsequent osteporotic hip fracture. This problem is not an uncommon one in accident and emergency departments as found by a systematic review of 35 studies showing that those individuals with fragility fractures seldom received investigation or treatment of osteoporosis (Giangregorio, 2006). The writer feels that such action would be important since Colless fracture is common and hip fracture a devasting condition. The writer feels that quite simple steps could be put in place to arrange appropriate follow up. An analysis of why Colles fractures are commoner in women than in men needs to consider the full picture. For instance initially it might be assumed that because postmenopausal women are lacking in oestrogen and therefore predisposed to osteoporosis that is the only reason. However research has shown that women have more falls than men and they are more likely, when they fall, to fall forwards onto the outstretched hand (O’Neill, 1994). There is an assumption that the risk assessment for likelihood of subsequent hip fracture will be dealt by someone else. The accident and emergency department does need to concentrate on the acute problem. However hip fracture will necessitate subsequent accident and emergency department involvement. Preventative measures may be a neglected but important aspect of the accident and emergency role despite resources being an ever restraining factor. DATA Theorizing Fracture healing is affected by general and local factors (Majid and Kingsnorth, 1998). The general factors include the patient’s age, wellbeing, nutritional and endocrinological state. With regard to the local factors a compound fracture (i.e. a fracture which involves breach of the overlying skin) incorporates a risk of infection which will prejudice healing. Local factors affecting healing include the site of the fracture, proximity of bone ends and adequacy of blood supply. The pathophysiology of fracture healing consists of three stages (Majid and Kingsnorth, 1998); Inflammatory phase Repair phase Remodelling phase In the inflammatory phase haematoma contains osteoclasts which remove dead bone. Over two weeks granulation tissue forms which contains osteoblasts which form new bone. In the reparative phase the granulation tissue becomes fibrocartilagenous callus. The callus gradually turns into bone during the consolidation phase. Remodelling occurs as the bone adapts under the influence of the stresses placed upon it. Delayed union occurs when healing requires an excessive duration and non union when there is a failure to heal. Factors associated with poor union include a poor blood supply or displaced bone ends. Treatment is aimed at reducing this risk by optimising the position of the fragments and immobilising them. To develop a new approach to the prophylaxis of hip fracture will require multidisciplinary agreement with the formulation of guideline for information giving to both patient and general practitioner. Ideally an appointment would be generated for the bone mineral density scanning and reporting and advising. A mechanism of patient information will be required in parallel. DATA Actions proposed Treatment plan The aims of the proposed action were to achieve; Healing of the bone, and Preservation of function of the arm and wrist joint. There was more than minimal displacement of the fractured bone therefore manipulation was required. During manipulation it was important to pull the hand in order to disimpact the fracture. Manipulation then involved a reversal of the position that was present making up the dinner fork deformity. Management If the fracture is displaced this may, if left untreated, lead to breach of the overlying skin and convert a closed fracture to an open one with the subsequent increased infection risk. An unreduced displaced fracture may compromise the blood supply distally. Correctly to lessen these risks Betty’s fracture was reduced promptly. The treatment consisted of (GP Note book, 2006); Disimpaction Manipulation Immobilisation Rehabilitation in order to preserve function The aim of immobilisation was to allow the fracture to heal without movement of the bone ends but to facilitate as much movement of the unaffected joints as possible. An understanding of the pathophysiology of fracture helps to determine what the risk is for subsequent fracture. If this risk is high it will be advantageous to give some prophylactic treatment to lessen this risk. The fractures with greater morbidity are hip fractures and vertebral fractures and a radial fracture may be an â€Å"early warning† sign of an unacceptable risk of fracture with a more serious consequence. Bone mineral density measurements may be indicated in the near future. If this is outside the normal range and taken in conjunction with the present fracture there may be a need to consider prophylactic measures against osteoporosis and further fracture. A Colles fracture is associated with subsequent hip fracture but the association is greater in men than in women according to a metanalysis (Haentjens, 2003). Nonetheless it may be prudent to advise Betty to check with her general practitioner whether she now falls into the category of the local guideline for measuring bone mineral density. Woman with a Colles fracture within ten years of the menopause had an eight fold increase incidence of hip fracture compared with the rest of the population but the increased risk diminished by age 70 in a study by Wigderowitz (2000). In this study bone mineral density was lower in women who had a Colles fracture that in the general population but after age 66 there was no significant difference. The paper concluded women of 65 and under presenting with a Colles fracture should undergo bone mineral density testing. Bone mineral density checking though not an exact predictor of subsequent fracture is a worthwhile measurement in diagnosing osteoporo sis (Small, 2005). Treatments are available and might be considered if osteoporosis is confirmed (McCarus, 2006). Guidelines are also available (SIGN, 2003). Oestrogen does protect bone from osteoporosis but is no longer recommended as first line prophylaxis in view of recent studies showing concern about the association with cardiovascular adverse events (Sicat, 2004). Other options include raloxifene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator which reduces spinal but not hip fractures and biphsophonates e.g. alendronate which does reduce hip fracture incidence (British National Formulary, 2006). Action on prophylaxis would likely most easily and consistently be arranged via computerisation of letter of appointment and information to the patient following discharge. This would necessitate no increased time or resources within the department but would cover all at risk patients. References Angeli A Guglielmi G Dovio A et al 2006 High prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in post-menopausal women receiving chronic glucocorticoid therapy: A cross-sectional outpatient study. Bone. 39(2) 253-9 Bell M and Gillett M 1996 Developing reflective practice in the education of university teachers. Different Approaches: Theory and Practice in Higher Education. Proceedings HERDSA Conference 1996. Perth, Western Australia, 8-12 July. http://www.herdsa.org.au/confs/1996/bell.html Accessed 23 June 2006 Blair S Chaudhri O Gregori A 2002 Doctor, can I drive with this plaster? An evidence based response. Injury. 33(1) 55-6. British National Formulary. 2006 British Medical Association London. Giangregorio L Papaioannou A Cranney A et al 2006 Fragility fractures and the osteoporosis care gap: an international phenomenon. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 35(5) 293-305 GP Notebook http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/1584070660.htm accessed 23 June 2006. Accessed 23 June 2006 Haentjens P Autier P Collins J et al 2003 Colles fracture, spine fracture, and subsequent risk of hip fracture in men and women. A meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85-A(10):1936-43 Hodgkinson DW Kurdy N Nicholson DA et al 1994 ABC of Emergency Radiology: the wrist BMJ 308:464-468 Imel S 1992 Reflective Practice in Adult Education. ERIC Digest No. 122 ED346319 http://www.ericdigests.org/1992-3/adult.htm accessed on 23 June 2006 Majid and Kingsnorth 1998 Fundamentals of surgical practice. Greenwich Medical Media. London McCarus DC 2006 Fracture prevention in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a review of treatment options. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 61(1) 39-50 Murray B Lafrenz LU 2006 The Role of Reflective Practice in Integrating Creativity in a Fashion Design Curriculum http://mountainrise.wcu.edu/archive/vol3no1/html/murraylafrenz.htm accessed 23 June 2006 Netdoctor http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/osteoporosistreatment.htm Accessed 23 June 2006 ONeill TW Varlow J Silman AJ et al 1994 Age and sex influences on fall characteristics. Ann Rheum Dis 53(11):773-5 Peters JM Jarvis P et al 1991 Adult education: Evolution and achievements in a developing field of study. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Quoted by Bell and Gillett 1996 Peters JM 1991 Strategies for Reflective Practice. In R. G. Brockett (Ed), Professional Development for Educators of Adults. San Fransisco: Jossey Bass. Quoted by Bell and Gillett 1996 Sicat BL 2004 Should postmenopausal hormone therapy be used to prevent osteoporosis? Consult Pharm. 19(8) 725-35 SIGN 2003 Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network 71 management of osteoporsis. Small RE 2005 Uses and limitations of bone mineral density measurements in the management of osteoporosis. MedGenMed. 2005 May 9;7(2) 3 Wigderowitz CA Rowley DI Mole PA et al 2000 Bone mineral density of the radius in patients with Colles fracture. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British) 82B 87-9 1

Andreas Capellanus De Amore: :: Andreas Capellanus De Amore

Andreas Capellanus' De Amore: An Instructional Book for Men in the Ways to Treat Women Andreas Capellanus was born between the years 1150-1160 and died sometime after 1186. Not much of his life is known besides that he is believed to have been a chaplain in the Court of Henry of Troy. Capellanus wrote a book named De Amore, which became the definitive work on the subject of courtly love throughout medieval times. De Amore is a book stylized in the form of a letter to a fictitious friend, Walter, about the intricacies of love. However, De Amore is really a manual which teaches men how to seduce women. The whole book is written from a man's point of view and mentions the emotional experiences of women only incidentally. This is not to put a negative connotation on Capellanus's work. During this time period, every aspect of life - public and personal - was dominated by the male half of our species. But, this does not change the fact that our author's chief concern was to instruct his reader, a man, in the ways of winning a woman on whom he has set his heart. There are three major, honest ways of winning a woman's response - "a fine physique, manly behavior, and fluency and elegance of speech." (Brittanica). It is intention of De Amore to set out to teach the last. In De Amore, Andreas casts his instructions in the matter of the speech between lovers in the same and in different social classes. To cover all the possibilities of interaction between classes there should have be nine different dialogues. However, Capellanus seems to never think of the possibility of a man of gentry talking to a lady of the high nobility (Hermann). These dialogues develop into a give and take of argument and persuasion. Eventually, the women in each case in persuaded by the eloquent way in which the young man speaks. In the Art of Courtly Love, Capellanus gives several absolutes that he considers essential to any relationship where love will be involved. Not least of these rules is the axiom that jealousy is a must for a couple to love one another.